Whether you are applying for a job or writing a speculative letter to a company your covering letter could make the difference between getting a foot in the door to a new job or having the door slammed in your face.

Covering letters are not just sent as a courtesy, but are an introduction to your potential employer. They are designed to complement your CV and provide extra information about you. The covering letter is the first impression a potential employer will have of you and without a good impact, they may not progress far with your CV.

Introducing yourself - making an impact
A covering letter should be concise and ideally no more than three paragraphs long. It needs to introduce you to the potential employer, say what you want to do for the employer, and show how and why you are suited for that particular work. Its main aim is to get your CV read.
The style of the covering letter should be reasonably formal and business-like and match the CV or application form you are sending. It should be typed using a clear font and on good quality, plain white or cream paper, preferably the same as the CV. If you are emailing it, make it look business-like.
Always write to a named individual, whether you are applying for a job or writing a speculative letter. If you don't know who to address the letter to, use your initiative and contact the company to find out the name of the relevant person. Make sure you check the spelling of their name, no one likes to have their name spelled incorrectly.
The opening paragraph should let the reader know why you are writing to them. If you are writing to apply for a position with their company, make clear which job you are applying for and where you saw the advertisement, give the title and date of the publication that the vacancy was advertised in. For speculative letters outline what kind of work you are looking for.
You need to show an interest in the position you are applying for and that you have some knowledge of the employer. Find out about the company by looking for other advertisements it may have, look through the company's literature and scan business journals and newspapers for other general information. Refer to any recent news about the company, this will show you understand what the company is about.
Explain why you want to work there and emphasise what you can do for the company. Avoid using phrases like 'I think I could gain valuable experience with your company' or 'this is an area of my skill I have always wanted to develop'. The employer will hire you because of what you can do for the company, not because of what you think you can get from working there. Be keen, but genuine and avoid using cliché phrases.
Don't state the obvious, e.g. I am writing to apply for the position, as you will see from my CV etc. Rather reword the opening of each paragraph to get straight to the point, e.g. I am confident that my legal experience would make me a suitable candidate for this position and have attached my CV for further reference.

Why should you get the job?
Paragraph two needs to tell the employer, in more detail, why you are suited to the job and what skills you have got to offer. Why would the employer benefit from taking you on? This is the most important section of the covering letter and will probably make an employer decide whether to look at your CV or not. You need to flag up two or three of your key selling points and give some concrete information on the skills and experience you have. Make sure you choose points that relate to the job you are applying for so you can match your skills to their needs. The covering letter also gives you a chance to show off skills that you might not be able to get across in the CV, such as maturity, teamwork or interpersonal skills. Make sure everything you say about your skills and experience in your covering letter is backed up by evidence in your CV.

Positive endings
Don't let your letter fizzle out at the end with just a bland 'yours sincerely'. Finish the letter with a strong, proactive phrase which sets the scene for the next stage - being called in for an interview, e.g. I am available for interview at your convenience and look forward to meeting you. If you have addressed the letter to a named person (and you should have done), you should end the letter with Yours sincerely, if you wrote Dear Sir or Madam, it should end with Yours faithfully.

Checklist
Here's a final checklist to make sure your letter includes everything it should do.
* Do you know which individual to send the CV to and is it addressed correctly?
* Does the letter show an enthusiasm for the position you are applying for?
* Does it show an understanding of the employer?
* Does it show clearly what you can offer the employer?
* Has it got a positive ending?
* Have you double-checked to make sure there are no spelling or grammatical errors?

Dispatching a CV
There are three main methods of dispatching a CV:
Post
Email
Fax
With all these methods, make sure you make a follow up phone call to check that your CV has been received.
 

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